A hungry caterpillar eats 4 leaves every morning and 3 leaves every evening. How many total leaves does it eat in 5 full days?
Explanation: Leaves eaten per day = 4 + 3 = 7 leaves. In 5 days, total leaves eaten = 7 × 5 = 35 leaves.
Barnaby Bear has a number card. The digit in the hundreds place is 6, tens place is 2, and ones place is 9. What is his 3-digit number?
Explanation: 6 Hundreds (600) + 2 Tens (20) + 9 Ones (9) = 629.
A toy train engine is 12 cm long. Each of its 4 carriages is 8 cm long. What is the total length of the entire train?
Explanation: Length of 4 carriages = 4 × 8 = 32 cm. Total length = 12 cm (engine) + 32 cm = 44 cm.
Farmer Sam picks 36 red apples. He distributes them equally into 4 fruit baskets. How many apples are in each basket?
Explanation: 36 apples divided equally among 4 baskets = 36 ÷ 4 = 9 apples per basket.
Mia goes to bed at the time shown on the analog clock. What time is it?
Explanation: The short hour hand is halfway between 9 and 10, and the long minute hand points directly at 6 (30 minutes). Time = 9:30.
Which geometric shape has 0 flat faces, 0 straight edges, and 0 corners?
Explanation: A sphere is completely round and has no flat faces, straight edges, or sharp corners.
Leo eats 3 slices from a pizza cut into 8 equal slices. What fraction of the pizza is remaining?
Explanation: Total slices = 8. Eaten = 3. Remaining slices = 8 - 3 = 5. Fraction remaining = 5/8.
Siddharth has two $5 bills, three $1 coins, and four 50¢ coins in his piggy bank. How much money does he have in total?
Explanation: Two $5 bills = $10. Three $1 coins = $3. Four 50¢ coins = $2. Total = $10 + $3 + $2 = $15.00.
Look at the balanced scale below. A yellow star weighs 15 g. How much does a blue cube weigh?
Explanation: 2 stars = 2 cubes. So 1 star weighs the exact same as 1 cube = 15 g.
Find the missing number in this skip-counting number pattern: 120, 145, 170, __, 220.
Explanation: The rule is skip-counting by +25 (145 - 120 = 25). So, 170 + 25 = 195.
A rectangular flower bed has a length of 10 meters and a width of 4 meters. What is its perimeter?
Explanation: Perimeter = 10 + 4 + 10 + 4 = 28 meters.
Each school bus carries 45 students. How many total students can travel in 3 identical buses?
Explanation: Total students = 45 × 3 = 135.
How many lines of symmetry does a regular square shape have?
Explanation: A square has 4 lines of symmetry (vertical, horizontal, and 2 diagonals).
Freddy Frog starts at 0 and takes jumps of 6 units each. How many jumps does he need to reach 42?
Explanation: 42 ÷ 6 = 7 jumps.
A baby elephant weighs 240 kg. Its mother weighs 4 times as much as the baby. How heavy is the mother elephant?
Explanation: 240 × 4 = 960 kg.
What is 8 times 7 added to 15?
Explanation: (8 × 7) + 15 = 56 + 15 = 71.
A pitcher holds 2 liters of water. How many 250 mL cups can be completely filled from one full pitcher?
Explanation: 2 L = 2000 mL. 2000 ÷ 250 = 8 cups.
Sam has 12 stickers, Tina has 18, and Rahul has 9. How many more stickers does Tina have than Rahul?
Explanation: 18 - 9 = 9 stickers.
An animated cartoon starts at 4:15 PM and lasts for 45 minutes. At what time does it finish?
Explanation: 4:15 + 45 minutes = 5:00 PM.
Which of the following numbers is an EVEN number greater than 150?
Explanation: 156 is even (ends in 6) and greater than 150.
What is the value of XI + IX in Hindu-Arabic numerals?
Explanation: XI = 11, IX = 9. 11 + 9 = 20.
If the 3rd day of a month is Friday, what day will the 10th day of the same month be?
Explanation: 3 + 7 days = 10th day, which is also Friday.
Expanded form of 8,409 is:
Explanation: 8 Thousands + 4 Hundreds + 0 Tens + 9 Ones.
A blue ribbon is 1 m 25 cm long. A red ribbon is 2 m 10 cm long. Total combined length is:
Explanation: (1m + 2m) + (25cm + 10cm) = 3 m 35 cm.
A shaded figure covers 14 full unit grid squares. What is its area in square units?
Explanation: Each square represents 1 sq unit, so 14 squares = 14 sq units.
Find the missing digit: 548 - 2?3 = 315.
Explanation: 548 - 315 = 233. Missing digit in tens place is 3.
1 pencil box costs $6. How many pencil boxes can you buy with $48?
Explanation: $48 ÷ $6 = 8 pencil boxes.
What is the remainder when 23 is divided by 5?
Explanation: 5 × 4 = 20. 23 - 20 = 3 remainder.
How many right angles are there inside a standard rectangular door?
Explanation: A rectangle has 4 interior right angles (90 degrees each).
3 kg 500 g + 2 kg 250 g = ?
Explanation: (3+2) kg + (500+250) g = 5 kg 750 g.
Covers Data Handling, Patterns, Mental Math, Time, Fractions & Advanced Logical Reasoning tailored for Class 3 Olympiad aspirants.
I am a 3-digit number. My hundreds digit is 4. My tens digit is 2 less than my hundreds digit. My ones digit is double my tens digit. Who am I?
Explanation: Hundreds = 4. Tens = 4 − 2 = 2. Ones = 2 × 2 = 4. The number is 424.
Using each of the digits 5, 0 and 8 exactly once, make the largest and the smallest possible 3-digit numbers. What is their difference?
Explanation: Largest = 850. Smallest = 508 (a 3-digit number cannot start with 0). Difference = 850 − 508 = 342.
In the number 7,285, what is the sum of the values of the digits 7 and 8?
Explanation: The 7 is in the thousands place, so its value is 7,000. The 8 is in the tens place, so its value is 80. Sum = 7,000 + 80 = 7,080.
The number line goes from 20 to 60 and is divided into 8 equal parts. Which number does the red arrow point to?
Explanation: The distance 60 − 20 = 40 is split into 8 equal parts, so each part is 5. The arrow is at the 5th mark: 20 + 5 × 5 = 45.
Fill in the missing number: 50, 44, 38, 32, ?
Explanation: Each number is 6 less than the one before it. 32 − 6 = 26.
What is the sum of the greatest 3-digit number and the smallest 3-digit number?
Explanation: Greatest 3-digit number = 999 and smallest = 100. 999 + 100 = 1,099.
A school library had 1,000 books. 468 books were given to students. Later 75 books were returned. How many books are in the library now?
Explanation: 1,000 − 468 = 532 books were left. When 75 books came back, 532 + 75 = 607 books.
A hall has 8 rows of chairs with 7 chairs in each row. 5 chairs are broken. How many chairs can still be used?
Explanation: Total chairs = 8 × 7 = 56. Usable chairs = 56 − 5 = 51.
36 sweets are shared equally among 4 friends. Each friend eats 3 sweets. How many sweets are left with the four friends altogether?
Explanation: Each friend gets 36 ÷ 4 = 9 sweets. After eating 3, each has 6 left. For 4 friends: 4 × 6 = 24 sweets. (Or: 4 × 3 = 12 eaten, and 36 − 12 = 24.)
What is the sum of the first five odd numbers (1, 3, 5, 7, 9)?
Explanation: 1 + 3 = 4, 4 + 5 = 9, 9 + 7 = 16, 16 + 9 = 25. (Notice: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25 are the numbers 1×1, 2×2, 3×3, 4×4, 5×5.)
The same digit ★ is written in both numbers: 3★5 + 2★4 = 629. What is the digit ★?
Explanation: Ones: 5 + 4 = 9 ✓. Tens: ★ + ★ must end in 2, so ★ + ★ = 12 and ★ = 6 (carry 1). Hundreds: 3 + 2 + 1 = 6 ✓. Check: 365 + 264 = 629. The digit is 6.
The number 468 is rounded to the nearest ten and then separately to the nearest hundred. What is the sum of the two rounded numbers?
Explanation: Nearest ten: 468 → 470. Nearest hundred: 468 → 500. Sum = 470 + 500 = 970.
Which is the second smallest of these numbers: 4,205; 4,250; 4,052; 4,502?
Explanation: Compare hundreds: 4,052 (0 hundreds) < 4,205 (2) < 4,250 (2) < 4,502 (5). 4,205 and 4,250 both have 2 hundreds, but 4,205 has fewer tens. Order: 4,052 < 4,205 < 4,250 < 4,502. The second smallest is 4,205.
Add XIV and XVI. Which Roman numeral shows the answer?
Explanation: XIV = 14 and XVI = 16. 14 + 16 = 30 = X + X + X = XXX.
Find the next number: 3, 6, 12, 24, ?
Explanation: Each number is double the one before it. 24 × 2 = 48.
Find the next number: 2, 4, 7, 11, 16, ?
Explanation: The gaps are 2, 3, 4, 5, so the next gap is 6. 16 + 6 = 22.
The shapes below repeat in the same order. Which shape will be in the 10th place?
Explanation: The pattern (circle, square, square) repeats every 3 shapes. 10 ÷ 3 = 3 remainder 1, so the 10th shape is the 1st shape of the pattern: Circle.
Dots are arranged in triangles as shown. If the pattern continues, how many dots will Figure 5 have?
Explanation: The figures have 1, 3, 6 dots. The number of new dots added is 2, 3, 4, then 5. Figure 4 has 6 + 4 = 10 dots and Figure 5 has 10 + 5 = 15 dots.
In this magic square every row, column and diagonal adds up to the same number. What number should replace the question mark?
Explanation: The top row is 4 + 9 + 2 = 15, so every line adds up to 15. Middle row: 3 + ? + 7 = 15, so ? = 15 − 10 = 5.
In this number pyramid, every box is the sum of the two boxes just below it. What number goes in the top box?
Explanation: Bottom row: 5, 3, 6. Next row: 5 + 3 = 8 and 3 + 6 = 9. Top box = 8 + 9 = 17.
Rani has two ₹10 notes, three ₹5 coins and two ₹2 coins, as shown. How much money does she have in all?
Explanation: Notes: 2 × 10 = ₹20. ₹5 coins: 3 × 5 = ₹15. ₹2 coins: 2 × 2 = ₹4. Total = 20 + 15 + 4 = ₹39.
Meera buys 4 pencils and 3 erasers at the prices shown. How much does she pay in all?
Explanation: 4 pencils = 4 × 7 = ₹28. 3 erasers = 3 × 5 = ₹15. Total = 28 + 15 = ₹43.
Tara has 6 coins. Each coin is either ₹5 or ₹2. The coins make ₹27 in all. How many ₹5 coins does she have?
Explanation: If all 6 coins were ₹2, the total would be ₹12. We need ₹27, which is ₹15 more. Changing a ₹2 coin into a ₹5 coin adds ₹3, so we change 15 ÷ 3 = 5 coins. Check: 5 × 5 + 1 × 2 = 27.
A toy car costs ₹45. Aman buys 2 toy cars and pays with a ₹100 note. How much change does he get?
Explanation: 2 toy cars = 2 × 45 = ₹90. Change = 100 − 90 = ₹10.
The clock shows the time when Dev starts his homework. He finishes 1 hour 15 minutes later. At what time does he finish?
Explanation: The clock shows 7:30. 7:30 + 1 hour = 8:30, and 15 more minutes make 8:45. Dev finishes at 8:45.
School starts at 8:30 AM and ends at 1:30 PM. There is a 45-minute break in between. For how long do the children have lessons?
Explanation: 8:30 AM to 1:30 PM is 5 hours. Taking away the 45-minute break: 5 hours − 45 minutes = 4 hours 15 minutes.
Today is Thursday. Which day of the week will it be after 10 days?
Explanation: A week has 7 days, so after 7 days it is Thursday again. 3 more days: Friday, Saturday, Sunday.
How many days are there from 1 January to 31 March in a year that is not a leap year (both days included)?
Explanation: January has 31 days, February has 28 days and March has 31 days. 31 + 28 + 31 = 90 days.
A pencil is placed on a ruler as shown. What is the length of the pencil?
Explanation: The pencil does not start at 0. It starts at the 2 cm mark and ends at the 9 cm mark. Length = 9 − 2 = 7 cm.
A rope is 3 m 40 cm long. It is cut into 2 equal pieces. How long is each piece?
Explanation: 3 m 40 cm = 340 cm. 340 cm ÷ 2 = 170 cm = 1 m 70 cm.
One bag of sugar weighs 2 kg 500 g and another bag weighs 1 kg 750 g. What is the total weight of the two bags?
Explanation: 500 g + 750 g = 1,250 g = 1 kg 250 g. Then 2 kg + 1 kg + 1 kg 250 g... that is 2 + 1 = 3 kg plus 1 kg 250 g = 4 kg 250 g.
A jug holds 2 litres of juice. How many glasses of 250 mL each can be filled completely from the jug?
Explanation: 2 litres = 2,000 mL. 2,000 ÷ 250 = 8 glasses. (Four glasses of 250 mL make 1 litre, so 2 litres make 8.)
How many edges does a cube have?
Explanation: A cube has 6 faces, 8 corners and 12 edges: 4 edges on the top face, 4 on the bottom face and 4 standing edges joining them.
What is the perimeter of the rectangle shown below?
Explanation: Perimeter = 9 + 5 + 9 + 5 = 28 cm. (Or 2 × (9 + 5) = 28.)
A square with a side of 6 cm and a triangle with three equal sides have the same perimeter. What is the length of one side of the triangle?
Explanation: Perimeter of the square = 4 × 6 = 24 cm. The triangle has 3 equal sides, so each side = 24 ÷ 3 = 8 cm.
The shape below is made of 4 unit squares. What is the perimeter of the shape? (The side of each small square is 1 unit.)
Explanation: Count the outside edges: along the top 3, down the right of the first row 1, along the bottom of the first row 2, down the second row 1 + 1 + 1... Easier: the shape fits inside a 3 × 2 box, and its outline has the same length as that box. 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 = 10 units.
How many squares of all sizes can you find in this 2 × 2 grid?
Explanation: Small squares: 4. One big square made of all four small ones: 1. Total = 4 + 1 = 5.
Which of these capital letters has a vertical line of symmetry (it looks the same on the left and right of the line)?
Explanation: Fold the letter A down the middle and the two halves match exactly. F, G and R do not have a line of symmetry, so the answer is A.
A line is drawn from the top corner of a triangle to the middle of its base. How many triangles are there in the figure?
Explanation: There are 2 small triangles (left and right) and 1 big triangle made by joining them. Total = 3.
Rahul is facing North. He turns right (clockwise) by one quarter turn, then again, and then once more — 3 right turns in all. Which direction is he facing now?
Explanation: Each right turn moves him one step around: North → East → South → West.
How many corners do the triangle, the square and the hexagon have altogether?
Explanation: A triangle has 3 corners, a square has 4 and a hexagon has 6. 3 + 4 + 6 = 13.
Ram is taller than Shyam. Tina is shorter than Shyam but taller than Uma. Who is the second tallest?
Explanation: Order from tallest to shortest: Ram > Shyam > Tina > Uma. The second tallest is Shyam.
Meena is 5th from the front and 6th from the back in a queue. How many children are in the queue?
Explanation: Meena is counted in both numbers, so subtract 1: 5 + 6 − 1 = 10 children.
Amit is 7 years old. His sister is 3 years older than Amit. His mother is 4 times as old as Amit. How many years older is his mother than his sister?
Explanation: Sister = 7 + 3 = 10 years. Mother = 4 × 7 = 28 years. Difference = 28 − 10 = 18 years.
Four friends meet. Every friend shakes hands once with each of the other friends. How many handshakes are there in all?
Explanation: A shakes hands with B, C, D (3). B shakes with C, D (2 more). C shakes with D (1 more). Total = 3 + 2 + 1 = 6.
On a farm there are 5 hens and 3 goats. How many legs do all these animals have altogether?
Explanation: Hens have 2 legs each: 5 × 2 = 10. Goats have 4 legs each: 3 × 4 = 12. Total = 10 + 12 = 22 legs.
Which number does not belong with the others? 8, 16, 24, 30, 32
Explanation: 8, 16, 24 and 32 are all in the 8 times table (8 × 1, 2, 3, 4). 30 is not, so 30 is the odd one out.
10 lamp posts are placed in a straight line, with 5 m between one post and the next. What is the distance from the first post to the last post?
Explanation: 10 posts make only 9 gaps. Distance = 9 × 5 = 45 m.
A clock takes 3 seconds to strike 4 times. How long will it take to strike 8 times?
Explanation: 4 strikes have 3 gaps, so each gap is 3 ÷ 3 = 1 second. 8 strikes have 7 gaps: 7 × 1 = 7 seconds.
On a balance, 2 blocks weigh the same as 6 marbles. How many marbles will weigh the same as 4 blocks?
Explanation: 2 blocks = 6 marbles, so 1 block = 3 marbles. 4 blocks = 4 × 3 = 12 marbles.
Each shape stands for a number. Use the clues to find the value of the last line.
Explanation: Triangle + triangle = 10, so a triangle = 5. Triangle + square = 8, so a square = 3. Square + square + triangle = 3 + 3 + 5 = 11.
I am a number. When you add 7 to me and then double the answer, you get 30. Who am I?
Explanation: Work backwards: half of 30 is 15, and 15 − 7 = 8. Check: 8 + 7 = 15 and 15 × 2 = 30.
There are 24 children in a park. One-third (1/3) of them are wearing caps. How many children are not wearing caps?
Explanation: 1/3 of 24 = 24 ÷ 3 = 8 children wear caps. Children without caps = 24 − 8 = 16.
What fraction of the bar is shaded?
Explanation: The bar has 8 equal parts and 3 of them are shaded. So the fraction shaded is 3/8.
What is half of 36 added to a quarter of 36?
Explanation: Half of 36 = 18. A quarter of 36 = 9. 18 + 9 = 27.
Which of these fractions is equal to 1/2?
Explanation: In 2/4, the top number is half of the bottom number, so 2/4 = 1/2. The others are not: 2/6 = 1/3, 3/8 is a little less than 1/2 and 4/10 = 2/5. The answer is 2/4.
The picture graph shows how many fruits a stall sold in one day. Each picture stands for 2 fruits. How many more mangoes than bananas were sold?
Explanation: Mangoes: 6 pictures = 12 fruits. Bananas: 3 pictures = 6 fruits. Difference = 12 − 6 = 6.
Using the same picture graph, how many fruits did the stall sell altogether?
Explanation: Total pictures = 5 + 3 + 6 = 14. Each picture is 2 fruits, so 14 × 2 = 28 fruits.
The bar graph shows the favourite games of the students in a class. Each student chose only one game. How many students are there in the class?
Explanation: Cricket 12, Football 9, Hockey 6, Tennis 3. Total = 12 + 9 + 6 + 3 = 30 students.
Using the same bar graph, the number of students who like Cricket is how many times the number of students who like Tennis?
Explanation: Cricket = 12 students and Tennis = 3 students. 12 ÷ 3 = 4 times.